# Form and business logic validation – manual and exploratory tests

Forms are **a key point of contact between the user and the application**. Validation or business logic errors can lead to incorrect data, user frustration, and even legal risk.

### Black-box techniques

* equivalence partitioning (equivalence classes - sets of input and output data for which we assume the system will behave in the same way).
* boundary value analysis,
* decision table testing,
* state transition testing.

### Manual tests

* systematic checking of fields and rules according to a checklist,
* we check, among other things, the correctness of field behavior, error messages, and flow correctness.

### Exploratory tests

* a less formal approach – the tester takes on the role of the user,
* looking for unusual scenarios, e.g. very long field values, unusual data formats (e.g. dates), omission of required fields
* goal: to discover errors that were not anticipated in the analyses.